For data centers, both the room cooling load and equipment heat generation need to be considered. The room cooling load is related to factors such as the size of the data center space, insulation conditions, and the number of people. The equipment heat generation depends on the power and quantity of various IT equipment such as servers and storage devices. For example, the heat generated by a 500W server during continuous operation is a factor to be considered when calculating the cooling load. For power distribution rooms, UPS, and other areas without large heat sources, when calculating the cooling load, mainly consider factors such as the space size and ventilation conditions of these areas. Generally, it can be estimated by the power-area method:
Qt=Q1+Q2
Qt : Total cooling capacity (kW)
Q1 : Indoor equipment load (= Equipment power × 0.8)
Q2 : Environmental heat load (= 0.15 - 0.25 KW/m² × Machine room area)

The air-cooled method is relatively simple to install, does not require a complex water system, and is easy to maintain. It is suitable for some small-scale data centers or places with high requirements for installation convenience. If the area where you are located has limited water resources or the computer room does not have convenient drainage facilities, air-cooled is a good choice. The water-cooled method usually has a higher energy efficiency ratio and can dissipate heat more efficiently. It is suitable for large-scale data centers, especially those with high cooling capacity requirements and a stable water supply. However, the water-cooled system requires additional installation of equipment such as cooling towers, water pumps, and water pipes, and the initial construction cost is relatively high. Therefore, when choosing, factors such as the scale of the computer room, budget, local water resources situation, and maintenance capabilities should be comprehensively considered.

Common air-supply methods for precision air conditioners include top-air-supply and under-floor air-supply. The top-air-supply method is suitable for computer rooms where it is impossible to set up under-floor air-supply channels. It is relatively simple to install. Cold air can be directly sent out from above, and the cold air can circulate indoors through natural convection or auxiliary fans. The under-floor air-supply method is more suitable for computer rooms with raised floors. Cold air is sent out from under the floor, which can reach the heat-generating equipment more directly, resulting in a better cooling effect. Moreover, the space under the floor can be used to arrange cables, etc. When determining the air-supply method, factors such as the layout structure of the computer room, the equipment placement method, and whether there is suitable space to arrange the air-supply channel should be considered.

Redundancy and backup (N + 1) of precision air conditioners means that in the system, N normally operating air-conditioning units are configured, and an additional 1 standby unit is added. When any one of the N units fails, the standby unit can be put into operation immediately to ensure that the cooling demand of the computer room is not affected. For example, in a data center, if it is calculated that 5 precision air conditioners are needed to meet the cooling load requirements, then with an N + 1 redundant configuration, 6 air conditioners need to be installed. This can greatly improve the reliability of the system and avoid the situation where the temperature of the computer room gets out of control due to the failure of one air conditioner, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. In application, it is necessary to ensure that the standby unit can be automatically switched on, and the performance parameters of all units should be consistent to ensure a stable cooling effect during the switching process.

When selecting accessories for precision air conditioners, specific usage environments and installation conditions need to be considered.
· Low-temperature Components: If the usage environment temperature of your precision air conditioner is less than or equal to -20°C, low-temperature components need to be selected. Under such low-temperature environments, ordinary air-conditioner components may experience problems such as an increase in lubricating oil viscosity and changes in refrigerant characteristics, resulting in difficult compressor startup, reduced refrigeration efficiency, and even equipment damage. Special low-temperature components are specially designed and optimized to adapt to low-temperature environments and ensure the normal and stable operation of precision air conditioners in cold conditions.
· Extension Components (Air-cooled): When the installation conditions meet a drop of more than 15m, a maximum negative drop of 5m, and a copper pipe distance of more than 40m, extension components need to be selected. In this case, if extension components are not used, the flow resistance of the refrigerant in the pipeline will increase, affecting the refrigeration effect and even causing difficult compressor oil return and shortening the compressor life. Extension components usually include specially designed pipelines, valves, and optimized refrigerant charging amounts, etc., which can effectively solve the problems caused by the installation distance and drop, ensuring that the air-cooled precision air conditioner can operate normally even under complex installation conditions. Therefore, before selecting precision air-conditioner accessories, it is necessary to accurately evaluate the usage environment and installation conditions to select suitable accessories and ensure the performance and service life of the precision air conditioner.

For the convenience of customers to compare and understand, the cooling capacity uniformly uses kW (kilowatts)
The following is the conversion formulas for kW, RT and BTU
1 RT = 3.516852 kW
1 BTU/s = 1.05505585 kW